History of Himeji Castle

The castles which we can see today in Japan were constructed by shoguns (the military leaders of Japan before modernization) or daimyo (feudal lords) from the 16th century. Castles were strategic bases for them and were not utilized as living spaces.

There were other castles in the Himeji area that were governed by different daimyo. And the Himeji Castle you see today was finished by Ikeda Terumasa in 1609. He supported the Tokugawa Family during the important Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Tokugawa won the battle and became shogun, and nominated Terumasa as the castle owner of Himeji.

Since then, 6 different Daimyo families have come to govern Himeji until the end of Tokugawa Shogunate in 1867, and during all those years the castle was never attacked. Unfortunately, most of the castles in Japan were demolished after the Tokugawa Shogunate finished, but not Himeji Castle. It was purchased by a private person and he donated it to the military in 1892. In the late 19th century, there was a movement to preserve castles because of their historic value. Himeji Castle was chosen to be preserved and had a big restoration in the early 20th century.

During WW2, the city of Himeji was bombed twice by the United States military and was reduced to ashes. Although the Americans also bombed the castle, fortunately, the bombs did not explode. The day after the bombing, people were moved when they saw that the castle was still intact rising over the burned fields.

Structure of Himeji Castle

The main tower (Tenshu) was a symbol of the authority and power of the feudal lord. At the same time, the castles built in the era of the Warring States were a display of the military wisdom and technology of that time. The elegant appearance of Himeji Castle makes the robustness of its structure and the effectiveness of its defensive and offensive systems clear. We invite you to fully enjoy the grandeur of its scale and power all the way to its smallest details.

The roofs of Himeji Castle are formed by an alternative combination of flat and round tiles. This roofing style is called ‘hongawara buki’, and tucco has been placed at the joints between tile and tile. There are tiles that are marked with blazons, these are the family emblems of the lords that have kept the castle throughout history. In Himeji, we can find 6 types of blazons.

The windows of the Tenshu tower are equipped with thick lattices to prevent the entry of enemies and to defend against their projectiles. In the Kotenshu (small tower) there are lobed windows (Katomado) lacquered in black and adorned with golden leaves. This architectural element was also used in the style of the temples of Zen Buddhism and was a symbol of the nobility of the building.

Himeji Castle is the tallest wooden building in Japan and has a beautiful appearance that makes it unique throughout the world. Although from the outside of the Daitenshu (main tower) it seems to be a 5-story building, it actually has 7 floors in total: six on the ground and a basement.

For those who are interested in traditional architecture and the history of Japan, Himeji Castle is undoubtedly a must-see during a trip to Japan.

Your Japan Tour

If you are thinking about making a trip to Japan, as seasoned Japan experts we can help you create your perfect Japan tour. We can include destinations like Himeji Castle. Contact us to start planning your unforgettable holiday to this fascinating country. Japn is full of once-in-a-lifetime experiences, culture, history, nature, and delicious food!

Information

• Access:
  From Himeji (JR Line) Station
• Entrance Fee:
  Adult 1,000 yen, Child (elementary to high school) 300 yen
• Hours:
  From 9:00 to 17:00 (last entry 16:00)
  April 27 – August 31: From 9:00 to 18:00 (last entry 17:00)

Area Map

Perched between the majestic Rokko Mountains and the serene waters of Osaka Bay, Kobe presents a captivating blend of cosmopolitan sophistication and natural beauty that has enchanted visitors for centuries. As one of Japan’s first international ports opened to foreign trade in 1868, this dynamic city masterfully harmonizes Western influences with Japanese tradition, creating a uniquely sophisticated atmosphere unlike any other Japanese destination. From world-renowned beef to breathtaking night views, Kobe offers a multi-layered experience that appeals to all senses.

A City Forged from International Exchange

Kobe’s distinctive character was shaped by its historical role as Japan’s gateway to the world. The 1868 opening of the Port of Kobe initiated a cultural fusion that continues to define the city today. The Kitano area, with its preserved Western-style residences (Ijinkan), stands as a living museum of this cross-cultural exchange, while Nankinmachi (Kobe Chinatown) represents Asia’s influence. This international DNA makes Kobe feel simultaneously Japanese and global—a city that has absorbed outside influences while maintaining its essential Japanese spirit.

Caede’s Historical Insight:
“What makes Kobe truly special is its resilience and adaptability. The city has rebuilt itself twice—first after the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, then more dramatically after the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake. Each reconstruction brought innovation while preserving heritage. This spirit of renewal is visible everywhere, from the modern architecture of the harbor district to the carefully restored foreign residences in Kitano. For more Japanese cities with unique international influences, consider visiting Yokohama’s Minato Mirai district or Nagasaki’s historic foreign settlements.”

The Kobe Beef Experience: Culinary Perfection

No discussion of Kobe is complete without its world-famous beef. True Kobe beef comes from Tajima-gyu cattle raised under strict standards in Hyogo Prefecture, characterized by intense marbling (shimofuri) that creates unparalleled tenderness and rich umami flavor.

Authentic Kobe Beef Dining:

• Teppanyaki: Watch master chefs prepare beef on iron griddles
• Shabu-shabu: Thinly sliced beef cooked in broth
• Steak houses: Western-style preparation highlighting natural flavors
• Kobe beef sushi: Innovative presentations showcasing versatility

Caede’s Culinary Advice:
“For an authentic Kobe beef experience, visit restaurants certified by the Kobe Beef Marketing & Distribution Promotion Association. Lunch courses often offer better value than dinner. Pair your meal with local sake from the Nada district, one of Japan’s premier sake-producing regions. The tannins in red wine can overpower the delicate fat, so consider premium Japanese beer or robust sake instead. For more Japanese gourmet experiences, explore Osaka’s street food culture or Kyoto’s kaiseki tradition.”

Frequently Asked Questions

Iconic Districts and Neighborhoods

Kitano (Ijinkan District):
Preserved Western-style residences from Meiji and Taisho eras, now housing museums, cafes, and boutiques. The Weathercock House and Former Hassam’s Residence are particularly notable.

Nankinmachi (Kobe Chinatown):
One of Japan’s three major Chinatowns, offering authentic Chinese cuisine in a vibrant, compact area. Perfect for sampling diverse dishes in small portions.

Harborland:
Modern waterfront district featuring Kobe Port Tower, MOSAIC shopping complex with ferris wheel, and picturesque promenades. Beautiful especially at sunset and evening.

Sannomiya:
Downtown commercial center with excellent shopping, dining, and nightlife. The underground shopping arcades are particularly extensive and weather-proof.

Nunobiki:
Natural area featuring Japan’s longest herb garden, spectacular waterfalls, and the ropeway to Mount Rokko.

Caede’s Neighborhood Exploration:
“For a perfect Kobe day, start with breakfast in Sannomiya, visit Kitano in the morning when houses open, enjoy Kobe beef lunch, explore Harborland in the afternoon, take the cable car up Mount Rokko for sunset and night views, then return to Sannomiya for evening drinks. For more Japanese port city experiences, visit Hakodate’s historic district or Kanazawa’s samurai and geisha areas.”

Practical Visitor Information

📍 Access and Transportation:

• From Osaka: 20-30 minutes by JR or Hanshin trains
• From Kyoto: 50 minutes by JR limited express
• From Tokyo: 2.5-3 hours by Shinkansen to Shin-Kobe Station
• Within Kobe: Efficient subway, bus, and harbor cruise options

⏰ Best Times to Visit:

• Spring (March-May): Pleasant temperatures, cherry blossoms at Sorakuen Garden
• Summer (June-August): Harbor festivals, fireworks, though can be humid
• Autumn (September-November): Comfortable weather, beautiful foliage on Mount Rokko
• Winter (December-February): Spectacularly clear night views, illumination events

💡 Essential Tips:

• Wear comfortable walking shoes—Kobe is surprisingly hilly
• Purchase a one-day subway pass for efficient city exploration
• Many attractions offer combined discount tickets (like ropeway and herb garden)
• English signage is good in tourist areas, but learning basic Japanese phrases helps

Natural Wonders and Panoramic Views

Mount Rokko:
Accessible via cable car or bus, offering hiking trails, golf courses, botanical gardens, and the legendary night view. The Rokko Garden Terrace provides the classic viewing platform.

Mount Maya:
Slightly less crowded alternative to Mount Rokko with equally spectacular views, accessible via the Maya Cable Car.

Nunobiki Herb Garden:
Japan’s largest herb garden with 75,000 plants across 12 gardens, accessible via ropeway with stunning city views along the ascent.

Nunobiki Falls:
Four spectacular waterfalls within walking distance of Shin-Kobe Station, considered sacred and inspiring subjects for historical art and poetry.

Caede’s Nature Recommendation:
“Take the Nunobiki Ropeway to the herb garden—the view improves with every meter of ascent. Visit in late afternoon to see the garden, then watch the city lights emerge as dusk falls. For more Japanese garden experiences, visit Kyoto’s famous temples or Okayama’s Korakuen, one of Japan’s three great gardens.”

Cultural Experiences and Museums

Kobe City Museum:
Showcases Kobe’s international history through artifacts from Japan’s period of national isolation to modern times.

Kobe Maritime Museum:
Innovative building shaped like sailing ship hulls, exploring Kobe’s relationship with the sea.

Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art:
Designed by Tadao Ando, featuring collections focused on Kobe and Hyogo artists alongside national treasures.

Sake Breweries in Nada District:
Several historic sake breweries offer tours and tastings, explaining why the region’s water produces superior sake.

Onsen (Hot Springs):
Arima Onsen, one of Japan’s oldest hot spring towns, is easily accessible from Kobe and offers two types of mineral waters.

Caede’s Cultural Suggestion:
“The Nada sake district tour provides fascinating insight into how local water and climate create distinct sake characteristics. Many breweries have English explanations. After sake tasting, experience traditional relaxation at Arima Onsen, where you can try both ‘kinsen’ (gold spring) and ‘ginsen’ (silver spring) waters. For more traditional Japanese experiences, consider Shikoku’s 88 Temple Pilgrimage or Nara’s ancient temples.”

Shopping and Local Products

Kobe Leather:
High-quality leather goods including bags, shoes, and accessories at competitive prices.

European Confectionery:
Kitano area bakeries offering French and German-style pastries reflecting Kobe’s international heritage.

Local Sake:
Premium sake from Nada district breweries, known for their dry, crisp characteristics.

Kobe Beef Products:
Various processed beef products perfect for souvenirs, from jerky to canned preparations.

Pearl Jewelry:
Kobe has several pearl dealers offering quality products at better prices than major tourist destinations.

Annual Events and Festivals

Kobe Festival (May): Traditional parade featuring Chinese lion dances and international performances
Kobe Jazz Street (October): Month-long jazz festival across multiple venues
Kobe Luminarie (December): Spectacular light installation commemorating earthquake recovery
Kobe Beef Festival

Caede’s Event Planning:
“If visiting in December, the Kobe Luminarie is unforgettable—millions of lights creating cathedral-like arches along the recovery memorial path. Arrive early as it gets extremely crowded. For summer visitors, the harbor fireworks in August are spectacular against the waterfront backdrop. For more Japanese festival experiences, time your visit with Kyoto’s Gion Matsuri or Tokyo’s Sanja Matsuri.”

Architectural Highlights

Kobe Port Tower:
Red steel tower offering 360-degree views from its observation deck, iconic symbol of the city.

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge:
World’s longest suspension bridge connecting Kobe to Awaji Island, with a museum explaining its engineering.

Meriken Park:
Waterfront park featuring distinctive architecture including the Kobe Maritime Museum and Hotel Okura.

Tadao Ando Architecture:
Several buildings by the famed architect, including the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art and Church of the Light in nearby Ibaraki.

Earthquake Memorials:
The Kobe Earthquake Memorial Museum and preserved damage sites offer sobering but important insights into the city’s resilience.

Day Trips from Kobe

Himeji:
30 minutes by train to see Himeji Castle, Japan’s most spectacular original castle.

Awaji Island:
Accessible via the Akashi Bridge, offering gardens, onions (famous product), and the Awaji Puppet Theater.

Arima Onsen:
30 minutes by train to one of Japan’s oldest hot spring resorts.

Osaka and Kyoto:
Easy access to both major cities for contrasting experiences.

Caede’s Day Trip Suggestion:
“Combine Kobe with Himeji for a perfect two-day itinerary. The contrast between Kobe’s international modernity and Himeji’s feudal grandeur showcases Japan’s incredible diversity. For more varied Kansai experiences, consider the spiritual atmosphere of Mount Koya or the historic merchant houses of Kurashiki.”

Sustainable Tourism in Kobe

Kobe has implemented various initiatives that visitors can support:

• Use public transportation within the city (highly efficient)
• Support local businesses and producers
• Participate in plastic reduction programs at harbor facilities
• Respect residential areas when exploring Kitano district
• Learn about earthquake preparedness as part of responsible tourism

Accessibility Information

• Major tourist areas have good wheelchair access
• English support at tourist information centers
• Many restaurants in tourist areas have English menus
• The Port Liner train connects the airport to major stations with good accessibility

Caede’s Final Reflection:
“Kobe represents Japan’s beautiful paradox—a city that looks outward to the world while maintaining inward Japanese grace. It’s where French bakeries coexist with Shinto shrines, where German architecture frames views of Japanese gardens, where the most Japanese of products (premium sake) is produced using methods perfected through international exchange. More than just a pleasant city to visit, Kobe offers a masterclass in cultural synthesis—how to absorb foreign influences without losing one’s essence, how to rebuild with resilience after tragedy, and how to create sophistication that feels both international and intimately local. Whether you come for the beef, the views, the history, or simply to experience Japan through a slightly different lens, Kobe welcomes you with open arms and sophisticated charm that lingers long after you’ve departed its picturesque shores.”